Effects of Roselle calyx ( L.)-supplemented diets on growth and disease () resistance in Nile tilapia ( L.)

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Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phenolic compounds of Roselle calyx ( Linn) on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition, blood profile, and immunity against in Nile tilapia, .
Background

extracts have demonstrated to have a broad range of therapeutic effects such as antioxidant, antiobesity, anticancer, inhibition of the contractility of rat bladder and uterus, antibacterial, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial activities due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
Materials and methods
Fifteen fish with the same initial weight (5.45±0.01 g/fish) were selected and randomly distributed into four experimental treatments in triplicates. The chemical profiles of phenolic constituents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the major phenolic compounds.
Results and discussion
The diet containing 1% Roselle calyx showed the highest growth performance and feed utilization in comparison with other dietary treatments. The main phenolic compounds were ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, carnosic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and quercetin-7-O-glucoside, in addition to anthocyanins such as delphinidin-3-glucoside, sambubioside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, and cyanidin-3-sambubioside.
Conclusion
Roselle calyx was found to have an antibacterial activity antagonistic to pathogenic infection in fish. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of fish increased significantly in fish fed on Roselle calyx-enriched diets.

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