Lichens − masters of extraordinary symbiosis with potent pharmaceuticals

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Lichens are an excellent example of a symbiotic relationship between members belonging to two unrelated separate kingdoms (fungi and algae), which results in the collection of secondary metabolites. These metabolites can be fungal originated, algal originated, or unique compounds not produced by either fungi or algae individually. Although involved since centuries in traditional folk medicine, lichens have attracted extra attention of scientists owing to the emergence of new diseases, which has required screening for novel compounds capable of curing or supporting currently used compounds. This review highlights the nature, importance, nutritional and pharmaceutical uses, and applications of these enigmatic dual organisms.

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