Biological evaluation of ethyl acetate extract of against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in Swiss albino mice

Background

genus is a natural source of different types of secondary metabolites or pigments. These secondary metabolites display a broad spectrum of biological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity.
Objective
The objective of the study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice.
Materials and methods
Methods involved are evaluation of acute toxicity study, tumor induction using EAC cells, estimation of various hematobiochemical parameters, and evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress.
Results
The ethyl acetate extract of -treated EAC-bearing mice at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight (bwt) reduced ascitic fluid volume (1.65±0.70 ml) and ascitic fluid weight (1.32±0.69 g) as compared with ascitic fluid volume (4.79±0.52 ml) and ascitic fluid weight (3.93±0.57 g) in EAC control group. Similarly, the cell apoptosis was higher in EAC-bearing mice treated with standard 5-fluorouracil at 50 mg/kg bwt (96.04%) as compared with treatment with ethyl acetate extract at 50 mg/kg bwt (21.92%) followed by 100 mg/kg bwt (36.63%) and increased further at 200 mg/kg bwt (47.48%) in treated groups. In hematological estimation, the EAC-bearing mice treated with ethyl acetate extract at 200 mg/kg bwt showed increased red blood cell count (3.78±0.07×10/μl) and hemoglobin content (6.02±01 g/dl) and decreased white blood cells count (5.45±0.01×10/μl). In biochemical estimation, ethyl acetate extract treatment in EAC-bearing mice at 200 mg/kg bwt decreased aspartate aminotransferase activity (64.10±0.07 U/l), alanine aminotransferase (55.71±0.65 U/l), alkaline phosphatase (107.04±0.02 U/l), cholesterol (124.38±0.04 mg/dl), and triglycerides (155.38±0.04 mg/dl). Similarly, in enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress, the ethyl acetate extract-treated EAC-bearing mice at 200 mg/kg bwt increased superoxide dismutase (27.10±0.03 U/mg protein), catalase (20.20±0.02 U/mg protein), and reduced glutathione (24.04±0.03 U/mg protein), whereas decreased glutathione peroxidase (38.04±0.07 U/g hemoglobin) and malondialdehyde content (170.50±0.06 nmol/mg protein) significantly.
Conclusion
The results of the present finding showed that ethyl acetate extract of possesses significant anticancer potential.