Therapeutic impact of probiotics in various aspects

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that intentionally provide health benefits when consumed through restoring the gut microflora. Mainly, it is used as a successful approach for the treatment of gastrointestinal upset. Probiotics were initially used as a biotherapeutic regimen around the turn of the century. Probiotics stimulate the immune system that plays an important role in defense response against harmful microflora. Consumption of probiotics improves health against numerous diseases such as colorectal cancer, viral infection, allergies, stress, and different gastrointestinal disorders. This evidence suggests that the functions of commensal bacterial-derived factors are affected by host genetics and the discovery of links between susceptibility gene polymorphisms and protective microbial effects on the host, which might include probiotic-induced host responses. However, while probiotics’ prospective health-boosting effects have been explored in many studies, further study is needed to fully understand the processes and agents that promote their beneficial effects. The current review briefly discusses the beneficial effect of probiotics as a promising biotherapeutic approach focusing on the therapeutic properties of probiotics and its role to enhance the treatment of numerous diseases. Furthermore, the current review discusses the challenges and future insights into the development of genetically engineered probiotics and their application for the treatment of various diseases or as a novel nano-drug delivery system that will be a promising regimen for human health and biotherapy.