Enhancement of some barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistance for nematode (Heterdra avanae) using DNA fingerprinting analysis

Background
Heterodera avenae, the cereal cyst nematode or European cyst nematode, is a plant pathogen and an obligate parasite of cereal crops including barley, oats, wheat, and rye. Cereal crops infected with this nematode are more susceptible to infection by fungal diseases such as Rhizoctonia root rot.
Objective
The main objective of the present study was to map Heterodera avenae resistance and to compare seven different species. This study also aimed to increase the efficiency and precision of standard procedures for testing the resistance of barley toward root-lesion nematodes.
Materials and methods
The genetic variability analysis of seven barley genotypes, of Egypt was achieved using 7 Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Phylogenetic relationships of seven accessions of (Hordeum vulgare L.) collected from different region of Egypt were assessed. The soil was sterilized in an autoclave of each pot was planted in the comparison experiment, as well as in the treatment experiment with nematode Heterdra avanae infected soil brought from an infected field, and this soil was added to the treated pots. Also (ISSR) molecular marker technique was used for DNA fingerprinting and assessing genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in barley germplasm.
Results and conclusion
A significant correlation was observed between the Jaccard’s dissimilarity matrices based on ISSR markers, as revealed by Mantel test using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.69; P < 0.05). The results showed that ISSR primers produced 37 bands their size ranged between 100-2000 bp with (87.5%). polymorphism percentage. Polymorphic information content PIC was 0.74 for ISSR. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA), Dendrogram was divided into two clusters by morphological traits and ISSR analysis. Genetic similarity matrix was examined with Jaccard’s coefficient, maximum similarity was found between Giza126 and Giza127 (99%) with morphological analysis both and lowest similarity between Giza123 and Giza126 (6%) with ISSR analysis. Determination of genetic diversity between barley is of major importance for characterization of barley germplasm, breeding programs and conservation purposes. Morphological traits and ISSR analysis are effective tools for detecting genetic variations. The results showed that H. vulgare have high ratio of variation. This study may be considered as reference study for further studies on H. vulgare and may contribute to species concept and breeding programs.