Establishment of hairy root cultures by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Gardenia jasminoides Variegata for enhancing of phenolic and antioxidant accumulation capacity

Ebrahim, Hanan S.; El Ashry, Amal A.; Rabie, Sally A.A.; Ismail, Ismail A.; El-Bahr, Mohamed K.; Gabr, Ahmed M.M.

doi:10.4103/epj.epj_249_24

Establishment of hairy root cultures by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Gardenia jasminoides Variegata for enhancing of phenolic and antioxidant accumulation capacity

Authors

Abstract

Background
The gardenia is an aromatic medicinal plant belonging to the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Because of its high concentration of phenolic compounds, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid, it can be used to treat inflammatory illnesses and relieve pain.
Objective
It is the first study on Gardenia jasminoides Variegata hairy root cultures to increase the levels of Phenolic, flavonoid compounds, and accumulation of antioxidants.
Patients and methods

Gardenia jasminoides Variegata shoots were infected with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. Total phenolics and flavonoid content has been estimated. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the cultures was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. To emphasize and clarify the results the high-performance thin-layer chromatography were used. Antioxidant activity were demonstrated by 2,2′- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.
Results and conclusion
The transgenic culture was confirmed through PCR using rol genes primers. Total phenolics content has been reported to be higher in hairy roots than in control samples recorded (1.674 as versus 1.073 mg/g DW, respectively). Additionally, the total flavonoid content in the transgenic stem cultures showed higher levels than the nontransgenics (2.824 versus 1.553 mg/g dry weight, respectively). Hairy root cultures recorded more antioxidant activity than the nontransgenics. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid were accumulated in high values in transgenic cultures (3248.4, 2948.2, and 452.2 μg/g DW, respectively). So, transgenic culture can accumulate as more as about 100 folds the nontransgenic ones for the chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid.

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