Phytochemical profiling of three Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivars’ leaves with comparative positive impacts in controlling the streptozotocin diabetic rats

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Abstract

Background
Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., is a tropical plant of the Arecaceae family. No sufficient studies have been directed to evaluate leaves’ phytochemistry and bioactivity.
Objective
The major aim of this study is to assess the phytochemical configuration and antidiabetic effect of palm leaf extracts cultivars.
Materials and methods
It included total phenolic and flavonoid contents determination, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass analysis, and isolation of the main compounds while, the biological investigation targeted in vitro bioactivities and detailed in vivo antidiabetic activity. Animals were inducted with streptozotocin dose (40 mg/kg b.wt) and treated with different extracts dose (200 mg/kg b.wt).
Results and conclusion
Phenolic and flavonoid contents in three cultivars of Egyptian date palm leaves, Samani, Hayani, and Zaghloul were 545.652, 90.609, and 2231.304 mg GAE/g for phenolics, and 535.63, 118.00, and 2185.00 mg CE/g for flavonoids, respectively. Additionally, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS elicited the recognition of 28, 27, and 40 phytoconstituents in three extracts, respectively. However, Zaghloul extract exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant activity compared with vitamin C. In vivo treatment with the extracts in contrast to glibenclamide as a standard drug for 4 weeks caused a significant glucose level decrease by 64.81, 65.61, 69.61, and 66.87%, respectively. The tested extracts showed significant in-vitro and in-vivo anti-diabetic activity and ameliorated the other accompanying diabetes parameters e.g. liver and kidney. Histopathological investigation showed that treatment with Zaghloul leaf extract has better results than reference drug and nearly similar effects for other leaf extracts.

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